PowerPoint-Präsentation

PowerPoint-Präsentation

Introducing Limus ®

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Agenda

 Nitrogen losses  Ammonia and legislation

 Urea volatilisation  Urease inhibitors  Introducing Limus ®  Limus ® benefits  Summary

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Nitrogen losses

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Nitrogen... Essential for crops

• Essential for plant growth • Required in large quantities • Crucial for maximising yields

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But brings challenges to farmers, the environment and society

Smog

Climate change

Eutrophication

Increase of nitrate

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Nitrogen losses in agriculture

Urease inhibitors (UI)

Nitrification inhibitors (NI)

Urea application

Slurry or mineral ammonium application

Nitrous oxide

Ammonia

~20%

~1%

- 50%

- 98%

Hydrolysis

Nitrosomonas

Nitrobacter

Ammonium (Plant Available)

Urea (Plant Available)

Nitrite

Nitrate

Urease Enzymes

Nitrosolubus

(Plant Available)

Nitrification inhibitor

- 35% ~25%

Limus ® Pro

Nitrate

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Ammonia and legislation

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Agriculture accounts for 88% of UK ammonia emissions Ammonia is an air pollutant Contributes to poor air quality, leading to negative impacts on human and the environment

Agricultural ammonia emissions by management category (2016)

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Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory 2018

The UK government is legally obliged to reduce ammonia emissions by 8% by 2020 and by 16% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels

Clean Air Strategy 2019 (UK)

New Agricultural Bill (UK)

COGAP for reducing ammonia emissions (UK) • Guidance document for reducing ammonia emissions • Supports the use of urease inhibitors with urea based fertilisers

• “A requirement to reduce emissions from urea-based fertilisers” • Consulting in 2019 to bring through

Clean Air Strategy 2018 (UK)

• Financial assistance for delivering clean air and water • Includes reduction of ammonia emissions

EU legislation, 2016

legislation in the shortest possible timeframe

Gothenburg Protocol, 2012

• Proposes the use of urease inhibitors with urea-based fertiliser, unless injected by 2020 • To provide a national code of GAP to reduce ammonia emissions

• National Emission Ceilings Directive • Ammonia vs 2005 • 2020: -8% (UK) • 2030: -16% (UK)

• Abate acidification • Eutrophication • Ground level ozone

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Urea volatilisation

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How is ammonia lost when urea- based fertilisers are applied?

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Ammonia loss is a localized reaction

 Urea granules are hygroscopic (absorb moisture from the air)  Once applied, urea starts to move into the soil  Urease enzymes start the hydrolysis process releasing ammonium (alkaline)  This temporarily raises the pH of the soil around the granule  This increase in pH leads to ammonia volatilisation

pH 8.5

Urea granule

pH 6.0

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The role of urease enzymes

Active site

Urea

Urease enzyme

The role of urease enzymes

Urea binds to the urease enzyme

The role of urease enzymes

The urease enzyme transforms urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

ammonia (NH 3 )

The role of urease enzymes

Resulting in ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization

NH 3

CO 2

The urease enzyme releases the ammonia and carbon dioxide

Urease inhibitors

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How do most urease inhibitors work?

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How most urease inhibitors work (e.g. NBPT)

Standard Urease Inhibitor

How must urease inhibitors work (e.g. NBPT)

Standard urease inhibitor

NBPT blocks the urease enzyme, slows down urea hydrolysis and hence ammonia volatilization

Introducing Limus ®

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Why is Limus ® the most effective urease inhibitor available?

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There are many different types or urease enzymes

 A broad range of organisms in the soil (bacteria, fungi and plants) produce slightly different urease enzymes  Different urease enzymes require different urease inhibitors

Limus ® is the only urease inhibitor with TWO active ingredients, blocking a wider range of urease enzymes

NBPT

Limus ® is the most effective urease inhibitor available

NPPT

Drager Tube Test Limus treated urea vs urea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4EaM--KLzY

Limus ® benefits

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 Reduces ammonia emissions by up to 98%  Increases application timing flexibility  Improves yield by 5% vs urea  Delivers the same yield as ammonium nitrate  Outperforms all other urease inhibitors Why Limus ® ?

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Reduces ammonia emissions by up to 98%



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Around 20% of applied nitrogen from urea is lost as ammonia UK and European assessments of ammonia losses from granular urea range from 2 to 58%, depending on weather conditions post application and soil pH

DEFRA funded research (NT26), 2002 to 2005, led by ADAS 27% Average ammonia losses from urea applied to grassland, ranging from 10 to 58% 22% Average ammonia losses from urea applied to arable land, ranging from 2 to 43% European Environment Agency (EEA) 6 - 47% Range of losses from urea

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Limus ® reduces ammonia emissions by up to 98%

 BASF have extensively tested the efficacy of Limus ® at reducing ammonia emissions in both the lab and the field  Lab: Up to 98% reduction across different soil types  Field: Up to 98% reduction with average of 70% (n=93)

Gaseous ammonia losses [% of fertilized urea-N]

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Source: BASF

Increases application timing flexibility



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Application timing without Limus ®

 Standard urea should be applied right in advance of rainfall to reduce ammonia losses  Additional fertilizer application at later growth stages might be necessary to compensate losses

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Limus ® increases application flexibility

 Limus ® stabilized urea can be applied independent of weather conditions

Flexible fertilization period

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Improves yield by 5% compared to urea



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Limus ® improves yield by 5% compared to urea

Limus vs. granular urea UK, Winter Wheat, 6 trials, ADAS/BASF

Limus vs. granular urea Range of crops, 84 trials, BASF

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

6.0%

+5.3%

5.0%

4.0%

Average: +0.5t/ha, +5.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

-0.2 0

0.0%

Boxworth RosemaundGleadthorpe High Mowthorpe

Terrington Stetchworth

84 trials

Source: Limus + urea vs urea only, 84 trials, range of crops, BASF

Source: Limus + urea vs urea only, 6 trials, 260kg/ha N in 3 application splits, ADAS/BASF

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Delivers the same yield as ammonium nitrate



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Limus ® raises the performance of urea up the level of ammonium nitrate

DEFRA funded research (NT26), 2002 to 2005, led by ADAS Urea + NBPT matches AN for performance in winter cereals

Average figures taken from 10 locations

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Limus ® delivers the same yield as ammonium nitrate

Limus vs. ammonium nitrate UK, Winter Wheat, 6 trials, ADAS/BASF

Limus vs. (C) ammonium nitrate Range of crops, 74 trials, BASF

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

6.0%

5.0%

4.0%

Average: +0.14t/ha, +1.5%

3.0%

2.0%

-0.2 -0.1 0

+0.3%

1.0%

0.0%

Stetchworth Rosemaund Terrington Boxworth High Mowthorpe

Gleadthorpe

74 trials

Source: Limus + urea vs ammonium nitrate, 74 trials, range of crops, BASF

Source: Limus + urea vs ammonium nitrate, 6 trials, 260kg/ha N in 3 application splits, ADAS/BASF

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Outperforms all other urease inhibitors



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There are only 3 recognised urease inhibitors available

AI

Producer

Formulation

UK brands

Application

Koch

Agrotain (Sustain)

Urea only UAN only Urea only

NBPT

Generic

Solvay

N-Protect

Yara

YaraVera Amiplus

2-NPT

SKW Piesteritz

SKW Piesteritz Piagran Pro & Alzon neo N (+NI) Urea only

NBPT + NPPT

BASF

BASF

Limus

Urea & UAN

AI

Producer

Formulation

Brands

Application

Maleic-itaconic copolymer

Specialty Fertilizer Products

Specialty Fertilizer Products

Nutrisphere (Origin Enhanced-N) Urea only

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Limus ® outperforms all other UIs: 12 month shelf life

Storage stability test 20 °C - closed bag

Storage stability test 20 °C - closed bag

0 20 40 60 80 100

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Storage time (months)

Limus coated urea

2-NPT in Alzon Neo N

Limus formulation contains BASF patented polymer technology, providing longer a.i. stability on urea compared to generic NBPT formulations and 2-NPT

Source: BASF

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Limus ® outperforms all other UIs: Legal limit

Storage stability test 20 °C - closed bag

Upper Limit Limus

0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00

Upper Limit NBPT

Upper and lower limits set by EU fertiliser directive, 2003/2003

Lower Limit NBPT

Lower Limit Limus

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Storage time (months)

Limus

NBPT

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Limus ® outperforms all other UIs: Yield

Limus vs. NBPT (Urea) UK, Winter Wheat, 6 trials, ADAS/BASF

Limus vs. NBPT (Urea) Range of crops, 84 trials, BASF

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

6.0%

5.0%

Average: +0.3t/ha, +3.0%

4.0%

+2.4%

3.0%

2.0%

-0.4 -0.2 0

1.0%

0.0%

Rosemaund Boxworth Gleadthorpe Terrington High Mowthorpe

Stetchworth

84 trials

Source: Limus + urea vs NBPT + urea, 84 trials, range of crops, BASF

Source: Limus + urea vs NBPT + urea, 6 trials, 260kg/ha N in 3 application splits, ADAS/BASF

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Limus ® outperforms all other UIs: Summary

 Lots of things claim to be urease inhibitors, but very few are effective  There are three recognised urease inhibitors:  NBPT (Agrotain / Amiplus)  2-NPT (Alzon)  NBPT and NPPT (Limus)  Limus is the only urease inhibitor with two active ingredients, controlling a wider range of urease enzymes  The performance of Limus is enhanced by its patented formulation  Limus is very stable of urea. Even at 20 0 C the product is stable for >12 months offering the farmer confidence in the performance of what they are purchasing and ensuring legal compliance.

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 Average nitrogen losses from urea applications are 20%  Limus ® is the most effective urease inhibitor available  Reduces ammonia emissions by up to 98%  Increases application timing flexibility  Improves yield by 5% vs urea  Delivers the same yield as ammonium nitrate  Outperforms all other urease inhibitors Summary

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