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Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms

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Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms

Resilient Agriculture

Weather Ready Farms

By: Tyler Williams, Hans Schmitz, & Martha Shulski

ATTRIBUTIONS

Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms

Copyright © Williams, T., Schmitz, H., and Shulski, M. 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Published by Extension Foundation.

ISBN: 978-1-7340417-4-3

Publish Date: 6/2/2022

Citations for this publication may be made using the following:

Williams, T., Schmitz, H., and Shulski, M. (2022). Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms 1st ed., 1st rev.). Kansas City: Extension Foundation. ISBN: 978-1-7340417-4-3.

Producer: Ashley S. Griffin Peer Review Coordinator: Heather Martin Technical Implementer: Henrietta Ritchie and Rose Hayden-Smith

Welcome to Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms, a publication created for the Cooperative Extension Service and published by the Extension Foundation.

This work is supported by the New Technologies for Agriculture Extension (NTAE) grant no. 2019-41595- 30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

For more information please contact: Extension Foundation c/o Bryan Cave LLP One Kansas City Place

1200 Main Street, Suite 3800 Kansas City, MO 64105-2122 https://extension.org/

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Attributions ............................................................................................................................................. 2

Table of Contents..................................................................................................................................... 3

Authors and Contributors......................................................................................................................... 5

Resilient Agriculture: Weather Ready Farms Overview ............................................................................. 7 Need for Climate and Weather Resiliency in Agriculture................................................................................................... 7 Why Weather Ready Farms? .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Overview of Climate and Weather.......................................................................................................... 10 Climate of the Plains and Midwest ................................................................................................................................... 12 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Historical Climate Trends of the Plains and Midwest....................................................................................................... 17 Climate Projections ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 Climate Change Perceptions and Social Science .............................................................................................................. 21 Farmer Risk Overview ............................................................................................................................ 23 Losses to Extreme Events: Drought .................................................................................................................................. 25 Losses to Extreme Events: Wind....................................................................................................................................... 26 Losses to Extreme Events: Flood ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Losses to Extreme Events: Hail ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Losses to Extreme Events: Frost/Freeze........................................................................................................................... 29 Losses to Extreme Events: Others .................................................................................................................................... 30 Nutrient Losses ................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Soil Losses ......................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Risk from Climate Change................................................................................................................................................. 32 Climate Change: Extreme Events...................................................................................................................................... 33 Climate Change: Pests ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Climate Change: Water..................................................................................................................................................... 34 Farmer Resources Overview................................................................................................................... 37 Best Practices for Reducing Risk ....................................................................................................................................... 37 Best Agronomic Management Practices .......................................................................................................................... 38 Nutrient Management ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 Pest Management............................................................................................................................................................. 40 Weather and Climate >Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53

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